U.S.A. PRESIDENT

Progressing Forward From The "Race to The Office"; and furthering, The White Hous finale,.

Required field must not be blank: Mr./s. President i.e.{Zapf Chancery} !
"The Red, White, and Blue, Blog"
ABOVE Each POST's Title : Post's DATE-Preceeds in Victory Red
Post Titles-"#001776" <><> Links- Hover(mouse over text turns Gold
SHARED CONTENT(BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS DATABASE LINK TimeSeries/LNS14000000 )
Continuing the "2008", "2009, 2010, 2011,", "2012 politics", wondering, Is it really "Just Plain" Politics?


Blogger's Profiles Population Location United States": 2,310,000 3,160,000 (April/5th/2010 8,670,000)(October 18th, 2010 6,120,000); Now results total Listed In This Location , December 6th, 2010 Results Total 10,700,000 LATE OCTOBER 2015 = 1 of 6,600_

Wednesday, November 9, 2011

CUT BACKS; 2011 CHRISTMAS, UNDER THE TREE

CUT BACKS 2011(editing in progress...)

2011 - 2012 HOLIDAY SEASON
Chrsitmas tree ?
Santa ?
Rudolph ?


CARNIVORE
EDIBLE
REINDEER PATE
CHRISTMAS TREES
ROCKAFELLER CENTER
http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/09/us/newyork-christmas-tree/


Did You Know...? Christmas Tree edition updated Tue October 4, 2011
News came down Tuesday that White House officials have selected an 18-and-a-half-foot-tall balsam fir from Wisconsin to serve as this year’s official White House Christmas tree. Did you kn...
http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/10/04/did-you-know-christmas-tree-edition/

Secret hotels of Italy
 updated Wed September 21, 2011
Wouldn't it be easier if Italy were just a bit more boring? The art, the history, the landscapes, the pasta -- seriously, you're always going to feel like there's more to do (or eat). If actual relaxing is on your agenda, the Piedmont region may just be your answer.
http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/22/travel/secret-hotels-italy-bt/index.html

Take a Look at This!
updated Wed September 7, 2011
A new look at the moon, a giant reptile and the White House Christmas tree grows in Wisconsin.
http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/us/2011/09/07/talat-wednesday.cnn

Civil War heirlooms bond families with past
 updated Tue April 12, 2011
Sam Lyons' connection to the Civil War came to him last year in a pink gift bag.
http://www.cnn.com/2011/IREPORT/04/12/civil.war.artifacts.irpt/index.html

An everyman's guide to Los Angeles
 updated Wed March 30, 2011
"Laid back" is not the way I'd describe Los Angeles.
http://www.cnn.com/2011/TRAVEL/03/30/los.angeles.vercammen/index.html

Winds drop National Christmas Tree
updated Sun February 20, 2011
The nation's most energy-efficient National Christmas Tree doesn't appear to be the nation's most energy-resistant one. The 42-foot Colorado blue spruce snapped at its base during high winds Saturday morning in Washington.
http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/02/19/nat.christmas.tree.felled/index.html



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BEFORE THE ELECTION, I ASKED BEFORE BLOG POSTS : Special Interests? Breaking or Broken RECORDS

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United States Of America, President

The Challenge of The Voters is That, Over-All, It Is "Our Vote", that counts!

...oooh, it seems that "Our" in "Our Vote" could come down to "Our" Judicial Branch decisions that could put any election results into, one, a position to be revoted on by "Our" Congress, limiting their's to the Judicial Branch approved candidates of "Our's", which would limit the possibility to gain the popular candidate's victory (simply because there are less people in congress than when "our" vote is counted with their's) and therfore to give us a result of a victor of a more narrowed representation to that of the influences in likes with the majority of citizens; "Us"; or two, a New Nationwide Vote for "Us" all, to be "Our President".



In Short: This is NOT Over Yet And "We" "Are Not" "Hearing Yeah Or Neah About This:" At "ALL" From (Our) "Reliable News Sources" ...YET...?

ISN'T THIS IMPORTANT? DOES IT MATTER: WHAT IS RIGHT OR WRONG OR WHAT WE BELIEVE:


This post related the lack of reporting on the topic of "qualification by citizenship and candidates proven, proofs, and scrutiny of credabilty and public opinion; including whether the qualification is more an honorary custom or a definitive law?...:

When Do They Set Up 24 hours a day at a Court House To "REPORT?" ?; or should ""WE", "really"", ...care.

Or is it reallyJust Plain Politics?

2008 politics""



United States Blogger Population Profiles-"Location-United States": 2,310,000 3,160,000 (April/5th/2010 Now 8,670,000 )_






AGAIN - TAKE A REAL LOOK AT THE FIELD:

Is Just Plain Politics ? SEE THE CURRENT Population 2,310,000Blogger's Profile - Locations:"United States"

The Challenge of The Voters is That Over-All,... ...::Yet there is much we can do--and must do::... ...It Is "Our Vote"!

The Vote is for "President Of The United States Of America". That's what this blog is all about! ... ..so what else is there if we dont vote? ... Then Go Back To The Top and start looking what you can find from The U.S.A. and Any Current President's found change that is "spared" for you!

Q&A Resource:

Candida Casa {\/\/HITE HOUSE}

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POSTS JANUARY 20th, 2008, AND OLDER

(Edited January 31, 2008;

on this day of edit,this was the quickest I could catch of the 4 videos

most related On The "Video Bar" above:)

Tuesday, January 20, 2009 New Presideent - Old Posts And Comments

Today The Oath was taken by our new President of The United States Of America.

Today, the Supreme Court of The United States Of America has not yet updated the final docket, set for discussion on January 16th, 2009 , with any results of this discussion.

Soon, all posts and comments leading up to this day will be entered as one post, alonng with the links and candidates that ran for this office in 2009.

(that day is today- january 31, 2001)

See More from today(scroll down) with Sources and Descriptions:

Example:

(Source is in bold)George W. Bush,

"Today, a good man took Office!"(Description - plain text) Back in Texas!

Yahoo! News

Kennedy, Byrd collapse - inauguration luncheon

Yahoo News- Barack Obama, left, joined by his wife Michelle, takes the oath of office

http://news.yahoo.com/nphotos/Chief-Justice-John-Roberts/photo//090120/480/70898f22ce0c4fa9a00f838fd875a9d9//s:/ap/20090120/ap_on_go_pr_wh/inauguration_rdp Barack Obama, left, joined by his wife Michelle, takes the oath of office from Chief Justice John Roberts to become the 44th president of the United States at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2009. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

The Supreme Court Of The United States Of America(Give them time to update any progress on decisions to Proceedings and Orders)

http://search.access.gpo.gov/supreme-court/SearchRight.asp?ct=Supreme-Court-Dockets&q1=obama&x=38&y=28

No. 08A505

Title:Philip J. Berg, Applicantv.Barack Obama, et al.

Docketed:Lower Ct:United States Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitCase Nos.:(08-4340)~~~Date~~~~~~~~~~

Proceedings and Orders~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Dec 8 2008 Application (08A505) for an injunction pending the disposition of the petition for a writ of certiorari, submitted to Justice Souter.

Dec 9 2008Application (08A505) denied by Justice Souter.Dec 15 2008Application (08A505) refiled and submitted to Justice Kennedy.

Dec 17 2008Application (08A505) denied by Justice Kennedy.Dec 18 2008Application (08A505) refiled and submitted to Justice Scalia.

Dec 23 2008Application (08A505) referred to the Court.Dec 23 2008DISTRIBUTED for Conference of January 16, 2009.~~Name~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Address~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Phone~~~Attorneys for Petitioner:Philip J. Berg555 Andorra Glen Court, Suite 12(610) 825-3134Lafayette Hill, PA 19444-2531Party name: Philip J. BergAttorneys for Respondents:Gregory G. GarreSolicitor General(202) 514-2217United States Department of Justice950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.Washington, DC 20530-0001Party name: Federal Election Commission, et al.Lawrence J. JoyceLawrence J. Joyce LLC(520) 584-02361517 N. Wilmot Rd., #215Tucson, AZ 85712Party name: Bill Anderson

Friday, January 16, 2009

TODAYS USAPRESIDENT.COM (Text's Style)

January 20th 2008 Brought Change, BUT, This Website
(USAPresident.Com) Has Been Found To Be To UnReliable For Related Searches For Anything "PRESIDENTIAL OF THE" Keywords Searched; i.e.:
Related Searches Day Of The Dead Lake Of The Ozarks End Of The World The Real Thing Best Web Underdark Parlux Hordes Of The Underdark Mark Of The Beast USAPresident.com Sponsored Listings for LIST OF PRESIDENT FOR US are Linked As Is , As Follows: President-Elect Plate - Official SiteThis Commemorative Plate Celebrates the Historic Victory. Limited Ed. As Seen on TV.www.victoryplate.com Get U.S. Presidential CoverageGet informed results, news & more with the free ALOT politics toolbar.Politics.alot.com 2008 White House Gifts & SouvenirsBoth three and five monuments of Washingon mini-statues include the White House as well as photographs. Other monuments, FBI & CIA caps and shirts, and gifts for Americans of all ages.www.capitolshoppingmall.com President Us at AmazonBuy books at Amazon.com and save. Qualified orders over $25 ship free.Amazon.com/books Dear Mr. President - From PepsiShare Your Hope with the President. Sponsored by Pepsi.refresheverything.com More Sites » Which President is On the Nickel George W bush Campaign President Truman Jib Jab George Bush Cartoon © 2009 usapresident.com. All Rights Reserved. (contact them linked here on their website)
For Searching The Following Terms, use the search engine on this blog(Top Rightof Page)
For resources and information on: President George Bush and List of American Presidents Related Searches President George Bush List of American Presidents U.S. President List of President for Us USA Vice President 1790 President Qualification for Us Presidency Speech President Kennedy Face of Presidents On Coins United States Country Information Senate Congress Presidents of the United States Political
Posted by PostEdt. at 1:07 PM 0 comments
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FINAL JUDGEMENT

iS THIS, FINALY THE LAST CASE? Docket for 08A505 Philip J. Berg, Applicant. v. Barack Obama, et al. ... Application (08A505) referred to the Court. Dec 23 2008, DISTRIBUTED for Conference of January 16, 2009. ... Philip J. Berg, 555 Andorra Glen Court, Suite 12, (610) 825-3134 ...www.supremecourtus.gov/docket/08a505.htm - 4k Momentum by the consitancy of the Supreme Court's decision history of cases so far on this issue are largely in favor of "Not Hearing"; whether this is the last case, I Do Not Know. My wonder is really more about the Supreme Court Establishment's Integrity; i.e.: if one of them says I don't want to hear it, then none of them will say they will either; if any think "we should here this" then one of them should; all this concidering our best interests and not the political structures branched dominion leveraging. The math makes me wonder if anyone could seek a fair hearing when your asking it to be heard against or "about" one of the three branches, "by" one of the other three branches, of what the third and last branch has seeded; can this formula include a fair chance for anyone who is not part "of a branch" but a remedial thread? Thats why I feel The Constitution is the X-factor here. Isn't it? Obama himself is a Lawyer and the dynamics of the Presidential job seems to pose a fabric of obstacle by its nature on the President's weeknesses...just like everthing else about the U.S. would be by its competitor's. Obama could handle his case fine, I figure. The case, though it seems, is about the people, only in this case the Fifth Amendment appears but does what? Its my MATH, followed by case dockets. ITS ABOUT OUR POWERS The FORMULA is "2 Of 3" Branches are divided or multiplied by "1 of the 2" of 3. Does The 3rd have any participation? Or Did They? The issue is not only will the case be heard as its already been pushed up to this level, but a Part is an "X" factor; The Constitution. The "3" are our Branches of Government. The campaign was for change
Posted by An Olive branch, A Torch aflame, and An Oak branch-leafed; Written binds of EPLU RIB USU NUM at 10:36 AM
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Monday, December 29, 2008

Article 2 Section 1 OF THE CONSTITUTION is

"ARTICLE 1 SECTION 2 OF THE CONSTITUTION" NOTE It Is, What it "IS" and "is" "AT STAKE"; is It Not?

Docket for 08-570 Oct 31, 2008 ... Dec 17 2008, DISTRIBUTED for Conference of January 9, 2009. ... Philip J. Berg, 555 Andorra Glen Court, Suite 12 No. 08-570 Title: Philip J. Berg, Petitioner v. Barack Obama, et al. Docketed: October 31, 2008 Lower Ct: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Case Nos.: (08-4340) Rule 11 ~~~Date~~~ ~~~~~~~Proceedings and Orders~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Oct 30 2008 Petition for a writ of certiorari before judgment filed. (Response due December 1, 2008) Oct 31 2008 Application (08A391) for an injunction pending the disposition of the petition for a writ of certiorari, submitted to Justice Souter. Nov 3 2008 Supplemental brief of applicant Philip J. Berg filed. Nov 3 2008 Application (08A391) denied by Justice Souter. Nov 18 2008 Waiver of right of respondents Federal Election Commission, et al. to respond filed. Dec 1 2008 Motion for leave to file amicus brief filed by Bill Anderson. Dec 8 2008 Application (08A505) for an injunction pending the disposition of the petition for a writ of certiorari, submitted to Justice Souter. Dec 9 2008 Application (08A505) denied by Justice Souter. Dec 15 2008 Application (08A505) refiled and submitted to Justice Kennedy. Dec 17 2008 DISTRIBUTED for Conference of January 9, 2009. Dec 17 2008 Application (08A505) denied by Justice Kennedy. Dec 18 2008 Application (08A505) refiled and submitted to Justice Scalia. Dec 23 2008 Application (08A505) referred to the Court. Dec 23 2008 DISTRIBUTED for Conference of January 16, 2009. ~~Name~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~Address~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~Phone~~~ Attorneys for Petitioner: Philip J. Berg 555 Andorra Glen Court, Suite 12 (610) 825-3134 Lafayette Hill, PA 19444-2531 Party name: Philip J. Berg Attorneys for Respondents: Gregory G. Garre Solicitor General (202) 514-2217 United States Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20530-0001 Party name: Federal Election Commission, et al. Other: Lawrence J. Joyce Lawrence J. Joyce LLC (520) 584-0236 1517 N. Wilmot Rd., #215 Tucson, AZ 85712 barmemberlj@earthlink.net Party name: Bill Anderson

Taking a look at this from this point of view:

Philip J Berg lawsuit, US Supreme Court, Update December 2, 2008, Emergency Injunction, Writ of Certiorari deadline, Obama and DNC http://citizenwells.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/philip-j-berg-lawsuit-us-supreme-court-update-december-2-2008-emergency-injunction-writ-of-certiorari-deadline-obama-and-dnc-have-not-responded/

Note: ARTICLE 2 SECTION 1 OF THE CONSTITUTION Article II Section 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected, as follows: Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; A quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty five years, and been fourteen Years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:--"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
Posted by An Olive branch, A Torch aflame, and An Oak branch-leafed; Written binds of EPLU RIB USU NUM at 6:54 PM
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WHO IS PAYING FOR WHAT

WHAT IS THIS THAT IS BEING PASSED ALONG IN SOME TANGENT OF "THE LEAST LIKELY TIMING FOR A DESCISION, PROCESS" For A Supreme Court Ruling that Could Change The Results Of The General Public's VOTE for The New President Elect? This may seem out in "left field" (simply "way -out there, somewhere") ... Whats the hold up? And Who is paying for what?(if any one or anything)

5 OLC 180; June 17, 1981

Anti-Lobbying Restrictions Applicable to Community ServicesAdministration Grantees

The anti-lobbying rider in the Community Services Administration(CSA) appropriation act is broader than the generally applicablerestrictions on lobbying by executive officers, and prohibits recipientsof CSA grant funds from engaging in any activity designed to influencelegislation pending before Congress, including direct contacts withCongress.

Congress is under no obligation to make funds available to any agencyfor every authorized activity in any given fiscal year, and there shouldbe no presumption that it has done so.

The anti-lobbying statute, 18 U.S.C. Section 1913, and the general"publicity and propaganda" rider in the General GovernmentAppropriations Act, have been narrowly construed to prohibit the use offederal funds for "grassroots" lobbying, but not to prohibit a widerange of necessary communications between the Executive on the one hand,and Congress and the general public on the other. The considerationsthat underlie this narrow construction are irrelevant to a prohibitionagainst lobbying by private persons receiving federal grants andcontracts.

Statements made by individual legislators and committees after theenactment of legislation carry little weight in statutoryinterpretation, and are not a sufficient basis for altering a conclusionrequired by the plain meaning of the statutory language.

MEMORANDUM OPINION FOR THE COUNSEL TO THE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OFMANAGEMENT AND BUDGET

On January 19, 1981, the Director of the Community ServicesAdministration (CSA) published in the Federal Register an interpretiveruling by the CSA General Counsel discussing the legal effect of an"anti-lobbying" rider that applies to CSA appropriations. See 46 Fed.Reg. 4919. The history and language of the rider are set out in themargin. /1/ In his ruling, the CSA General Counsel concluded that therider, in its application to CSA grantees, imposes anti-lobbyingrestrictions that are no more stringent than those imposed uponexecutive officers and employees by 18 U.S.C. Section 1913 /2/ and bythe traditional "publicity and propaganda" rider contained in theTreasury, Postal Service, and General Government Appropriations Act./3/ In reliance upon that legal conclusion, the Director of CSA "waived"certain anti-lobbying restrictions contained in existing CSA grants.Those restrictions were apparently based upon an older, more stringentinterpretation of the rider. You have asked whether, in the opinion ofthis Office, the conclusions reached by the General Counsel were legallycorrect.

I.

The CSA rider imposes two different kinds of restrictions on the useof appropriated funds. The first, set forth in the first sentence of therider, prohibits the use of funds "for publicity and propagandapurposes" or for the preparation or use of any "kit, pamphlet, booklet,publication, radio, television, or film presentation designed to supportor defeat legislation pending before Congress, except in presentation toCongress itself." This language is similar to the language of thetraditional "publicity and propaganda" rider contained in the GeneralAppropriations Act. Unlike the traditional rider, however, the CSA ridercatalogs the kinds of materials and "presentations" for whichappropriated funds may not be expended (kits, pamphlets, etc.), and itauthorizes at least two kinds of expenditures. It expressly permitsexpenditures for the maintenance of "normal and recognizedexecutive-legislative relationships," and it seems to contemplate thatfunds may be expended for the preparation of kits, pamphlets, and other"presentations" that are made directly to Congress itself.

The second restriction is set out in the second sentence of therider. Unlike the first, it applies only to persons who receiveappropriated funds under government grants or contracts. The secondsentence states flatly that "(n)o part of any appropriation contained inthis Act shall be used to pay the salary or expenses of any grant orcontract recipient or agent acting for such recipient to engage in anyactivity designed to influence legislation or appropriations pendingbefore Congress." Because this language forbids the payment of expensesfor "any activity" designed to influence legislation pending beforeCongress, it is far broader than the language of the traditional"publicity and propaganda" rider. Moreover, because it applies expresslyto grantees and contractors and makes no express provision for directcontacts with Congress, it is quite unlike the language of the"anti-lobbying" statute, 18 U.S.C. Section 1913.

Posted by An Olive branch, A Torch aflame, and An Oak branch-leafed; Written binds of EPLU RIB USU NUM at 6:29 PM
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Tuesday, December 23, 2008

President Election Overview

I don't know if any of the cases involving the Supreme Court and this years (2008) election will change or add to the following result I picked up on the Cornell Univesity ""Search "LII" "" KEYWORDING "PRESIDENT" and clicking onto the results found under "Elections": election law: an overview Citizens make choices by voting in elections. Two types of elections exist: general elections and special elections. A general election occurs at a regularly scheduled interval as mandated by law. A special election would be held when something arises that does not arise on a regular basis or routine. For instance, if an elected-office suddenly becomes vacant or a legislature wants to put a referendum before the voters, then they can use a special election. The electoral process ensures that no leader can take control for an extended amount of time without forcing the elected-official to answer to the will of the people. Nevertheless, government must play an active role in structuring elections and the electoral process. Consequently, individual states carry out the electoral process by following their own state laws. Sections 2 and 4 of Article I of the U.S. Constitution provide states the right to choose their own Representatives and Senators for the United States Congress. The 17th Amendment, however, mandates that the people directly elect the senators, and explicitly bars state legislatures from choosing the state's U.S. Senators. Presidential Elections: The Electoral College In Presidential elections, the people of the respective states vote for a Presidential candidate by choosing that candidate's slate of Electors. See Section 1 of Article II of the U.S. Constitution. After the state's citizens have chosen a slate of Electors, the Electors then formally elect the President and Vice-President by casting their respective votes. When all states' slates of Electors arrive to cast their votes, the aggregate group makes up that which has come to be known as "the Electoral College." The Office of the Federal Register coordinates the Electoral College. Comprised of 538 Electors, the number of total votes equals the aggregate number of Representatives and Senators that currently make up Congress. The number of Electors in a given state's slate equals its number of U.S. Representatives plus two. The number of Representatives that a state has is determined by considering the state's population in proportion to all other states. Accordingly, each state receives a proportional number of Representatives. The government takes the national census every ten years to determine each state's population. When this occurs, a state potentially can gain or lose Congressmen, which affect the number of Electors, known as electoral votes, that the state will have at the Electoral College. Of the 50 states, forty-eight have a "winner-take-all" system. Washington D.C. follows the same system. A winner-take-all system assigns that state's entire slate of Electors to the candidate who won the popular vote, regardless of how close the popular vote in the state actually was. Maine and Nebraska use different systems in which they divide their states into districts and assign one electoral vote per district. The Presidential candidate who wins a particular district receives that district's electoral vote. Under this system, Maine and Nebraska could potentially split their electoral votes between candidates, although no Presidential election has ever witnessed either state splitting. No federal law exists that binds Electors to vote for a certain candidate. However, twenty-six states have developed laws for this purpose. After each state has submitted their Electors' votes, the votes are counted and a President and Vice-President are named. Usually, the Electoral College emerges with a winner identical to the U.S. popular vote. However, in 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000, the Electoral College winner lost the popular vote. Congressional Elections States may individually decide how to carry out their elections for Representatives, Senators and electors. Each state differs in structure, with most assigning administrative offices the task of running elections. States also differ on rules concerning when, where and how citizens may vote (see Congressional Districts). While the people of the respective states have always directly elected Representatives, most individual state legislatures chose the U.S. Senators that would represent that state until the ratification of the 17th Amendment in 1913. A product of the Progressive Era's call for more democracy, the 17th Amendment gave citizens more influence over the federal government. Changes in Election Law While Amendments to the U.S. Constitution are rare, seven of the twenty-seven Amendments that have passed deal with altering the process of electing the United States Federal Government. The 12th Amendment clarifies that each Elector of the Electoral College must cast two votes - one for President and one for Vice President. The 15th Amendment disallows abridging the right to vote on the basis of race, and the 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote. The 17th Amendment gives the people the right to directly elect their U.S. Senators. The 23rd Amendment granted electoral votes to Washington D.C. The 24th Amendment eliminated Poll Taxes, and the 26th Amendment lowered the voting age to 18. Recently-passed federal statutes have created a means for military personnel and overseas citizens to vote and have aided the elderly and disabled citizens' ability to vote. In 1993 Congress passed the "motor voter" law, which enables citizens to register to vote when they apply for driver's licenses. Some states have recently begun adopting voter identification laws as well in an effort to combat voter fraud. These laws require voters to present identification when they arrive at the polling location to vote. Many felt that Indiana had the most stringent requirement because it required voters to present photo identification. Because some felt that the statute disproportionately burdened the elderly and the minorities, the statute was challenged and went before the U.S. Supreme Court in Crawford v. Marion (07-21). The Supreme Court, however, upheld the law. Campaign Reform In 1971 Congress passed the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) to closely regulate federal elections. The law increased necessary disclosure of federal campaign contributions and created the Federal Elections Commission (FEC) to administer federal elections. In 1979 the FEC permitted political parties to spend unlimited amounts of hard money on certain activities, and soft money went unregulated by the FEC. Hard money refers to funding donated directly to a campaign or political party, whereas soft money refers to funding contributed to organizations, often known as 527s, that advocate issues and indirectly advocate a candidate, without specifically advocating for the election or defeat of a particular candidate. Following the law's passage, the U.S. Supreme Court took up the law's constitutionality in Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976), a landmark decision concerning the interplay between campaign regulations and First Amendment rights. In Buckley the Supreme Court ruled that the FEC could regulate and limit donations to campaigns but could not cap the amount of money that a political campaign could spend because doing so violates the First Amendment. Buckley also held that the FEC could not constitutionally regulate soft money. Over the next three decades, concerns with the increasing costs of conducting a political campaign did not subside, and the popularity of soft money drove much of this concern. In accordance with this concern, Congress passed the McCain-Feingold (Bipartisan Campaign Reform) Act of 2002 (BCRA). The BCRA amended the FECA to add a provision, which disallowed federal candidates from using corporate and union funding to launch television ads on satellite or cable within 30 days of a primary and 60 days of a general election. A second amendment prohibited candidates and political parties at both the national and state levels from spending soft money on federal elections. Immediately after the President signed the law, members of the U.S. Congress challenged the law's constitutionality before the U.S. Supreme Court. In McConnell v. FEC, 540 U.S. 93 (2003), the Court upheld the Act's key provisions. However, with two new justices on the bench in 2006, the Supreme Court reengaged the campaign finance debate, striking down a Vermont law because the low campaign expenditure ceiling it implemented was disproportionate to the goal it advanced. See Randall v. Sorrell, 548 U.S. 230 (2006). Then, in 2007 the Supreme Court handed down a landmark decision in FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life. 551 U.S. ___. As it applied to Wisconsin Right to Life, the Court struck down the portion of the BCRA that prohibited organizations from running issue ads within a certain number of days of the election because the provision restricted political speech and therefore violated the First Amendment rights of the organization. The Supreme Court also expounded on the BCRA's provision known as "the Millionaire's Amendment" in the 2008 case of Davis v. FEC (07-320). The Millionaire's Amendment only affected candidates who had spent in excess of $350,000 in personal funds on their own campaign. The BCRA permitted the opponents of these candidates to receive triple the amount of personal contributions typically allowed and permitted the opponents to accept coordinated party contributions without limit, but the BCRA held self-financing candidates to the normal limit. Finding that the provision burdened free speech and associational rights, the Supreme Court struck down the provision as well. The combination of Davis and Wisconsin Right to Life leaves the BCRA in serious limbo. For more information, see LII's Backgrounder on the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act Cases. Categories:
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Tuesday, December 9, 2008

Washington's Cruisers

LXXVIII Miss Arendt's only criticism of the American founding fathers is that ... ing a civil society, and the term "appeal to heaven," which does appear, ... links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3195(196312)78%3A4%3C620%3AOR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0 - Similar pages JSTOR: America's Political Heritage: Revolution and Free ... 4~ The artless "Appeal to Heaven" posed a challenge for our Constitution mak- a9 ..... to endure and to be adapted to the various crises in human affairs. ... links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3195(197622)91%3A2%3C193%3AAPHRAF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P - Similar pages
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2008 ELECTION AND RELATED Criteria-1

WHO NOW IS 2008 campaign's BEST FOR THE ROLE OF THE JOB OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

2008 Presidential Candidates in All Parties

All "Announced" candidates have formed or announced a Presidential exploratory or campaign committee with the Federal Election Commission or filed a statement of candidacy. "Potential" candidates have publicly expressed an interest in a Presidential campaign or their interest has been suggested by the media.

2008 PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES

Major Candidates Charles O. 'Chuck' BaldwinParty: U.S. TaxpayersStatus: Announced

Robert L. 'Bob' BarrParty: LibertarianStatus: Announced

John S. McCainCurrent Office: U.S. SenateParty: RepublicanStatus: Announced Running Mate: Sarah H. Palin

Cynthia Ann McKinneyParty: Green Party, Peace and FreedomStatus: Announced Ralph NaderParty: Independent, Natural Law PartyStatus: Announced

Barack H. ObamaCurrent Office: U.S. SenateParty: DemocraticStatus: AnnouncedRunning Mate: Joseph R. Biden Jr.

All Presidential Candidates

Status Name Party PoliticalCourageTest

Announced Laura Davis Aaron Democratic No

Announced Stephen Adams Independent Yes

Potential Stewart A. Alexander Peace and Freedom

Pending Announced Virginia E. Algar Republican Yes

Announced Donald Kenneth Allen Independent Yes

Announced Thomas Wayne Allen Other No

Potential Gene Amondson Prohibition Pending

Announced Jose Miguel Aparicio Independence Yes

Announced Roland G. Aranjo Democratic Yes

Announced Michael Andrew Arterburn Republican No

Announced Blake Ashby Independent Yes

Announced Warren Roderick Ashe Democratic Yes

Announced Richard Steven Atkins None Pending

Announced Daniel Avery Bacon Independent Pending

Announced George Brent Bailey Republican Yes

Announced Charles O. Baldwin U.S. Taxpayers Pending

Announced Jared Arlen Ball Green Party No

Announced George H. Ballard Democratic Yes

Announced Jedidiah Elijah Wendell Kennedy Banks Republican No

Announced Jon Jay Banks Libertarian No

Announced Terry Lee Barkdull Unknown No

Announced Daniel James Barnett Republican Yes

Announced Robert Laurence Barr Libertarian Pending

Announced Michael W. Bay Other Yes

Announced William David Beadles Citizen's No

Announced Carl Durantye Belle Independent No

Announced William F. Berg Independent No

Announced Christina Gerasimos Billings-Elias Democratic Yes

Announced Sheila Bilyeu Independent Yes

Announced David Michael Bishop Other No

Announced Greg Black Independent No

Announced William Hobert Blakley Republican Yes

Announced John Douglas Blyth Independent Yes

Potential Peter Bollander Democratic Pending

Announced Christopher David Borcik Independent Pending

Announced Matthew Jay Borman American No

Announced Jeffrey Harlan Boss Independent Pending

Announced Jacques Yves Boulerice Native American Yes

Announced John Taylor Bowles Other Yes

Announced J. Boydston Constitutional No

Announced Robert Edwin Boyer Democratic Yes

Announced Dewey R. Broughman Republican Yes

Potential Elaine Brown Green Party Pending

Announced Jeffrey Earl Brown Independent Yes

Announced Robert Paul Brown Republican Pending

Announced Edward Allan Buck Republican Yes

Announced William Jason Burns Republican Yes

Potential Michael Burzynski Republican Pending

Announced Emperor Caesar Democratic No

Announced Roger Calero Socialist Workers Party Pending

Potential Richard Edward Caligiuri Democratic Pending

Announced John Lee Campbell Republican Yes

Potential William Campbell Democratic Pending

Announced Dan Byron Canfield None No

Potential Kenneth A. Capalbo Democratic Pending

Announced Raymond Joseph Caplette Democratic Yes

Announced Myrtle Charlotte Carlyle None Yes

Announced Jerry Leon Carroll Other Yes

Announced Anthony Lungo Carter Republican No

Announced James Harlin Carter Other Yes

Announced Willie Felix Carter Democratic Yes

Potential Patrick Cazneau Unknown Pending

Announced Janice Marie Chase Other No

Announced Jeanne Chebib Unknown No

Announced Liza Dawn Cherricks Independent Yes

Announced Richard H. Clark Independent Yes

Announced Todd Marvin Clayton Constitutional Yes

Announced Eamon Patrick Clune Republican No

Announced Orlin Gentry Cole Republican Pending

Announced James Cooper Republican No

Announced Hugh Cort Republican Yes

Announced Michael James Cortney Independent No

Announced John H. Cox Republican No

Announced Eric Leland Creviston Unknown No

Potential John R. Crockford Peace and Freedom Pending

Announced Randolph Wilson Crow Democratic Yes

Announced Claire Elisabeth Fields Cruise Independent Yes Announced Jerry Ralph Curry Republican Pending

Announced Orion Karl Daley Independent Yes

Announced HRM Caesar St Augustine De Buonaparte Other Yes

Announced Jack L Dietz Democratic Yes

Potential Edward Dobson Democratic Pending

Announced Susan Gail Ducey Republican Yes

Announced Michael Christopher Dutcher Independent No

Announced Earnest Lee Easton Independent Yes

Announced Max Englerius Other Yes

Announced Philip Epstein Democratic No

Announced Lou-Gary Espinosa Democratic Yes

Announced Nick Farmer Democratic No

Announced Clarita Fazzari Independent No

Announced Lowell Jackson Fellure Republican No

Announced H Neal Fendig Republican No

Announced Bennie Lee Ferguson Independent Yes

Potential John Finan Libertarian Pending

Potential John Michael Fitzpatrick Republican Pending

Announced Richard Earl Fleharty Independent Yes

Announced Richard Francis Flynn Democratic Pending

Announced Michael Keith Forrester Democratic Yes

Announced Robert Leonard Forthan Republican Yes

Announced Heather Fox Democratic No

Announced Dory Frank Democratic Yes

Potential David Frey Socialist Party USA Pending

Announced Elizabeth Mason Frothingham No Announced

David Ernst Furniss Republican Yes

Announced Ida Cecilia Garza Independent No Announced

Anne Hart Geisler Republican No

Potential Loti Gest Democratic Pending

Announced Robert Anthony Gibson Democratic Pending

Announced Daniel A. Gilbert Republican Yes Announced

Donald Robert Gillen Democratic No Announced

Wrendo Johnson P. Godwin Democratic No Potential

Albert Gore Democratic Pending Announced

Mark Blair Graham Unknown No Announced

Peter Samuel Grasso Independent Yes

Announced Maurice Robert Gravel Libertarian Yes

Potential Richard Grayson Democratic Pending

Announced Raymond Ferrill Green Republican No

Announced Jon A. Greenspon Independent Yes

Announced Jackson Kirk Grimes United Fascist Union Yes

Potential Don J. Grundmann American Independent, Nebraska Pending

Announced William Long Hale Independent No

Announced Albert Hamburg Independent Yes

Announced Dennis M. Hanaghan Independent Yes

Announced Gerald Lamar Hankins Democratic No

Potential Howie Hawkins Green Party Pending

Potential Tish Haymer Democratic Pending

Announced Curtis Hayward Independent No

Announced John Robert Henry Independent No

Potential Barry Joel Hess Libertarian Pending

Potential Stanley Hetz Peace and Freedom Pending

Announced Henry Hewes Democratic No

Announced Samuel B. Hoff Independent Yes

Announced Brian Holland Independent Yes

Potential David Lynn Hollist Libertarian Pending

Announced Joe Honeychurch Republican No Announced Albert B. Howard Republican Yes

Announced Mildred T. Howard Republican Yes

Potential Libby Hubbard Democratic Pending

Announced William Charles Hughes Democratic No

Announced Darrel Reece Hunter Democratic No

Announced Alexander Michael Huton Republican No

Announced Daniel J. Imperato Independent, Libertarian Yes

Announced William Michael Ingram Independent No

Announced Robert Garrison Jackson Libertarian Yes

Announced Michael Paul Jingozian Libertarian Yes

Announced Jerry Roland Johnson Republican Yes

Potential Jesse Johnson Green Party Pending

Announced Stanton T. Jolley Independent No

Announced Arnold Matthew Jones Independent No

Announced Robert Coleman Jorgensen Other Yes

Announced Keith Russell Judd Independent Yes

Announced Timothy Charles Kalemkarian Republican No

Potential William Keefe Democratic Pending

Announced John Joseph Kennedy Democratic No

Announced Alan L. Keyes Constitution No

Potential Caroline Pettinato Killeen Democratic Pending

Announced Daniel Melzine Kingery None Yes Potential Steve Kissing Pending

Announced Mark Irwin Klein Republican Yes

Announced David Allen Koch None No

Announced William Ronald Koenig Republican No

Announced Philip A. Kok Republican Yes

Potential Thomas G. Koos Democratic Pending

Announced Yaphet Kotto Republican No

Announced Karl Everett Krueger Democratic Yes

Announced Steve W. Kubby Libertarian Yes

Potential Karen Kwiatkowski Libertarian Pending

Potential Gloria Estela La Riva Peace and Freedom Pending

Announced Dal Anthony LaMagna Democratic Yes

Announced Christopher Lafontaine Unknown No

Announced God Johan Josephe Lally Other Yes

Potential Tom Laughlin Democratic Pending

Announced Jared Benjamin Lee Independent No

Announced Kip Lee Libertarian Yes

Announced Monroe Lee Democratic Yes

Potential Rich Lee Democratic Pending

Announced Joseph Felix Leonaitis Independent Yes

Announced Alden Link Republican Yes

Announced Elvena E. Lloyd-Duffie Republican Yes

Announced Robert Locke Constitutional Pending

Announced Bradley K. Lord-Leutwyler None Yes

Announced Frank Lynch Democratic Yes

Announced Steven Douglas Mabey Unknown No

Announced Stephen D. Macmillan Republican No

Potential Bryan Malatesta Nebraska Pending

Announced Yehanna Joan/Mary Malone Republican Yes

Potential Stephen W. Marchuk Republican Pending

Announced Greg Martin Republican No

Announced Mike Benjamin Martisko Other Yes

Announced Joseph Martyniuk Independent Yes

Announced John Christopher Mason Democratic No

Announced John Sidney McCain Republican No

Announced James Hatton McCall Independent Yes

Announced Laura Jane McCumber No

Announced Frank Edward McEnulty None Yes

Potential John R. McGrath Republican Pending

Announced Cynthia Ann McKinney Green Party, Peace and Freedom Pending

Announced Orleans Victor Mcfoy Democratic No

Announced Megally Z. Megally Independent Yes

Announced Lee L. Mercer Democratic Yes

Announced Kent Philip Mesplay Green Party Yes

Announced John Glenn Barry Metcalf Other Yes

Announced Andy Clown Miannay Independent Pending

Announced Gilbert R. Michael Republican Yes

Announced Joseph C. Miechowicz Independent No

Announced Hubert Billy Miles None No

Potential Tom Millican Pending Announced Robert W. Milnes Libertarian Yes Announced Steven Edward Mirabella Republican Yes Announced James Creighton Mitchell Republican Yes Announced Sal Mohamed Democratic No Announced Omar Jones Monahan None No Potential Leland Montell Democratic Pending Potential Brian P. Moore Liberty Union, Peace and Freedom Pending Announced Brian Joseph Moran Other No Announced Robert Edward Moreau Republican No Announced Abdul (Kareem) Muhammad Republican Yes Announced Jesus Bilal Islam Allah Muhammed Republican Yes Announced Grover Cleveland Mullins Democratic Yes Potential Sean Murphy Republican Pending Announced Ralph Nader Independent, Natural Law Party Pending Announced George C. Nelson Other No Announced Robert Sherman Nix Unknown Pending Announced Sandra Queen Noble None No Announced John Stuart Nolan Unknown Pending Potential Cornelius Edward O'Connor Republican Pending Potential Michael Oatman Democratic Pending Announced Barack Hussein Obama Democratic No Announced Lawrence Anthony Obern Unknown No Potential Jerry Odom Pending Announced Frederick Eugene Ogin Republican Yes Announced William John Ohlsen Independent Pending Potential Rick Outzen Republican Pending Announced Glenda Gail Parker Unknown No Potential George E. Pataki Republican Pending Announced Jeffrey Charles Petkevicius Independent Yes Announced George David Joseph Phillies Libertarian Yes Announced Matthew D. Pinnavaia Other Yes Running John Joseph Polachek NEW Pending Announced Deshon Porter Independent No Announced Michel Anissa Powell Democratic Yes Announced Samuel Lyndell Powell Independent Pending Announced James John Prattas Independent Yes Announced Madison Augustine Primus Other Yes Announced Rajesh Srinivasa Raghavan Republican Yes Announced Charles G. Railey Republican Yes Announced William Nathaniel Raven Republican No Announced Larry Keith Reed Democratic Yes Potential Max Riekse American Independent Pending Announced Mark Shane Robinson Other Pending Announced Ralph Marshall Robinson Independent Yes Announced Jim Rogers Democratic Pending Potential Wayne A. Root Libertarian Pending Announced Paul Russell Rosenberger Unknown Yes Potential Gary Rostad Democratic Pending Announced Kamal Karna R Reverend Roy Republican No Potential David Ruben Republican Pending Announced Gary W. Ruff Independent Yes Potential Mary J. Ruwart Libertarian Pending Announced Cameron Sadovsky Independent No Announced Launeil Neil Sanders Republican No Announced Marshall Samuel Sanders Republican No Announced Savior Democratic Yes Announced John W. Sawyer Democratic Yes Announced Barbara Ann Scaff Democratic No Announced Joseph Charles Schriner None Yes Announced Larry Joseph Schuetter Other Yes Potential Chuck See Democratic Pending Announced Mary Ann Tomkins Segal Democratic Pending Announced Jonathon Sharkey Independent Yes Potential Michael P. Shaw Republican Pending Announced Scott J. Sheldon Democratic Yes Running Jack E. Shepard Republican Yes Announced Freddy Irwin Sitnick Republican No Potential Charles Skelley Republican Pending Potential Michael P. Skok Democratic Pending Announced Christine Smith Libertarian Yes Announced Michael Charles Smith Republican No Announced Rhett R. Smith Republican Yes Announced Richard Michael Smith Republican Yes Announced Kip Smithy Neowhig No Potential Ralph Spelbring Democratic Pending Announced Keith Robert Sprankle Republican Yes Announced Douglas Stanhope Libertarian Pending Announced Johns Wallace Stevenson Republican No Announced Michael Sugerman Independent No Announced Vermin Love Supreme Republican Yes Announced Kat Swift Green Party Yes Announced Charles Joseph Leo Symonds Unknown Yes Announced Edward Anthony Szynalski Independent Yes Potential Philip Tanner Democratic Pending Announced Nanci Jean Taylor Independent No Potential Diane Beall Templin American Independent, Nebraska Pending Announced Linda Thompkins-Reagan Republican Yes Potential Michael Tienken Independent Pending Potential Giannibicego Hoa Tran Republican Pending Announced Bruce Calvin Trask Reform No Announced Joseph Howard Tucker Republican Pending Announced Douglas Scott Van Raam Free Soil Party Yes Announced Corrogan R. Vaughn Republican Yes Announced Da Vid The Light Party Yes Potential Evelyn Louise Vitullo Democratic Pending Announced Hugh Wallace Independent No Potential Mark R. Warner Democratic Pending Announced Lanakila Washington Independent Yes Announced Watchman Independent Yes Announced Thomas Wells Other No Announced Ruth Bryant White Independent Yes Potential Sandy Whitehouse Democratic Pending Announced Virgil L. R. Wiles Republican Yes Announced Daniel E. Williams Libertarian Pending Announced Jomo K. Manual Williams Other Yes Announced D. Wayne Wilson Republican Pending Announced Kelcey Brian Wilson Other Yes Announced Robert B. Winn Independent No Announced Marc Wolin Republican No Announced James Wellington Wright Democratic Yes Announced Vernon Edgar Wuensche Republican Yes Announced Eugene Robert Zarwell Republican Yes Announced Frank Zilaitis None Yes Back to U.S. Presidential Candidates page

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